Vegetable and other food products and method of making the same.



UNITED S T'AT TQLE NT Wren.

J ACOB E. BLOOM, OF NEW YORK, N. Y. VEGETABLE AND OTHER FOOD PRODUCTS AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME.

Specification of Letters Patent.

fratented. July 17, 1906.

To all whom, it play concern:

Be it known that I, JACOB E. BLOOM, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Vegetable and other Food Products and Methods of Making the Same; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

The fat contents of foods for man, including the invisible oils of usual foods, as also fats added in preparing a food product, are not homogeneous chemical compounds, but are mainly mixtures of various triglycerids of fatty acids, principally olein, palmitin, and stearin in varying proportions,which as a rule do not at all approximate the proportions of the like proximate constituents of human adipose tissue fat, wherein the oil consumed is mostly finally assimilated. The more nearly an oil or fat consumed approximates the proportions of olein, palmitin, and stearin as found in the human system the more easily is it digested and absorbed and the more nearly wholly is it assimilated, and, moreover,when in such proportions the oil is always liquid in the stomach and bowels at the body temperature of about 37 7 9 centigrade, which facilitates ease of digestion.

I-leretofore in the preparation of foods for a suitable diet scientists have not practically considered the invisible fats and oils found in most foodstuffs and have failed to distinguish the same, as also culinary fats, as regards their several'principal proximate constituentsto wit, olein, palmitin, and stearin-and have merely set forth that a stated amount of fats, without regard to their proximate constituents, was requisite for a suitable daily diet, and in preparing or cooking any food product as per any recipe for a days diet, such has merely called for a stated amount of fat such as suet, lard, olive-oil, &c. which vary widely as regards said proximate constituents, and the character and amount of said proximate constituents of the oil or fat in the foodstuff itself have been uniformly ignored.

At present food preparations are made according to some accepted recipe which prescribes the method of preparation including the amounts of sundry native food materials. I call each of the latter a foodstuff, and the preparation from one or more thereof as per myrecipel call a food product. In all such present methods, whether the recipe or method of preparing prescribes the addition of fat or not, there is no consideration given to the amount of the invisible fats or oils existing in many foodstuffs used nor of the proximate constituents thereof nor of the proximate constituents of any additional fat or oil called for by the recipe. This is objectionable for the reason that the resulting food product generally contains an excess of palmitin or stearin, or both, which obstructs digestion, or the fat in the products has not the proximate constituents of oelin, palmitin, and stearin in the proportion to insure a liquid state in the stomach, nor the proportions in which they are finally assimilated in the system.

My invention, which'is the result of physiological and chemical investigations, has for its object the preparation of food products for man, whereof the fat content will be free from the aforesaid defects, and the fats will be most easily digestible, absorbable, and assimilable, and which will'be freed from the excess of solid fats, stearin, and palmitin ordinarily found in food products, thereby avoiding the useless work and waste of energy incidental to their elimination in and from the system, which energy is thereby rendered available for concentration upon the digestion of other food, and many ills incidental to or resulting from such excesses are avoided.

To this end my invention consists in a process of so treating and preparing food products containing oils or fats that the resulting oil content, whether visible or invisible, of the whole food product shall analogize human fat both in the kind and approximate proportions of its proximate constituents, olein, palmitin, and stearin.

The human fat or oil of an adult upon carefill-analysis was found to contain about 86.21 per cent. olein and about 7.83 per cent. palmitin an d about 1.93 per cent. stearin, and which I call adult-oil formula, and the fat or oil of a child was found to contain about 65.04 per cent. olein and about 27.81 per cent. palmitin and about 3.15 per cent. stearin,

and which I call child-oil formula, the remainder comprising minute quantities of caproin, myristin, and other undetermined triglycerids of fatty acids. The said percentages vary in oils from various parts of the body and for different ages, and quantitative analysis thereof and the aforesaid constitute, respectively, the oil formulas to be attained in the food product cooked with my improved culinary oils. It is to be understood that I do not restrict myself to the particular child or adult oil formulas herein. used, as the scope of my invention covers all formulas and analyses of human fat as regards the olein, palmitin, and stearin content thereof. In the said adult-oil formula the relative proportions of olein, palmitin, and stearin considered without reference to other minor fats are approximately as follows:

7.83 9W palmltln, and

1.93 i: 95.97 01 stearin.

In said child-oil formula the analogous relative proportions are approximately I 67.75 olein,

28.97 palmitin,

:- 328 stearin.

approximate percentage of olein, palmitin,

and stearin in said amount of extracted oil.

Secondly, I prepare a culinary oil or oils comprising such an amount of olein or palmitin or stearin or any one, two, or all thereof that when same is compounded or combined by mixing or cooking or otherwise with the oil in the foodstuff or foodstuffs, respectively, whose oil content has been determined as aforesaid, then the resulting oil in the whole food product shall comprise an amount of olein, palmitin, and

stearin in the approximate proportion respectively as found in the above or other predetermined oil formula. Such culinary oils are preferablyprepared as fully described in Letters Patent No. 782,821 for process of preparing oils for edible and other purposes, granted to me February 21, 1905, excepting substituting the culinary-oil formulas as excess in the form of an oil whose olein, palmitin, and stearin content approximates that of human fat-such, for example, as

those described in my application for Letters Patent aforesaid or in Letters Patent No.

- 782,820 for fatty edible preparation, granted to me February 21, 1905, and I omit and dis pense with the fat called for by the recipe, substituting the aforesaid oils in the place thereof.

In place of incorporating the oil or oils with each foodstuff I prefer to first compound the said culinary oils, and where water or milk or other liquid is called for by the recipe I pre fer to make an emulsion of such liquid and oil or a mixture approximating an emulsion and then preferably incorporate such emulsion with the foodstuff in the manner now customary with cooks in incorporating the water or milk.

My method of preparing and manufacturing food products or preparations is further from cornmeal, such as corn-bread orhoe-c'ake, the usual recipe for corn-bread contains stated amounts, first, of cornmeal and, second, oflard or butter or other fat, and, third, of salt, and with sufficient warm water to make a thick batter. One recipe in the Manual for Army 0007129, published by the authority of the Secretary of War for use in the Army of the United lIO States, 1896, further states: Put meal in a deep dish, mix in the salt, pour in sufficient Warm water to make a thick batter, last add the melted lard, (or other fat,) beat thoroughly, and bake in a quick oven. By the addition of more warm water the batter can be thinned down and a griddle-cake made from above recipe. In my method I first determine the amount of invisible oil in the cornmeal, which in the best qualities averages six per cent. of the Weight of the meal. This percentage varies in different cornmeals, depending upon the variety of seeds of the maize-plant, Zea mays,from which the meal was ground. Such percentage varies from four to eight per cent. By due analysis maize-oil was found to contain about 41.93 per cent. of olein and 4.21 per cent. ofpalmitin and no stearin. If now for purposes of cal 'culation I take sixteen hundred and sixty-six pounds of cornmeal, which contains Olein. lbs. maize-oil, comprising 41.98 lbs.

and mix therewith a culinary oil of Palm Um. Steari'n.

This proportion approximates that of the olein, palmitin, and stearin of the above adultoil formula. It shows that by compounding the aforesaid lard-oil and stearin I obtain an oil which when incorporated with the cornmeal constitutes the oil in the whole food product of the adult formula, which the above figures show should be used at the rate of .51 of an ounce or roughly one-half ounce to the pound of cornmeal in the above or other recipe. The above recipe usually calls for more than one-half ounce of oil to the pound of meal, and for the excess over said one-half ounce per pound I use a fat or oil of the adult formula aforesaid. In place of incorporating the said culinary oil with the meal direct I can and in many cases prefer to compound it with the said excess of edible oil and thereafter incorporate the whole mixture with the meal. In place of adding the fat or oil lastly to the batter, as per the recipe, Iprefer before making the batter to make an emulsion of the oil and warm water (or other liquid) or a mixture approximating an emulsion of the oil and the water, and which mixture I mix forthwith as quickly as made with the cornmeal to make thebatter, and thus a more uniform mixing of the fat or oil with the meal is secured. I omit the fat called for by the recipe, having substituted a like amount of other oils, as above described. If the cornbread is intended for consumption by very young children, I prefer to make a corn culinary oil corresponding in composition to the childs oil formula aforesaid, as per a formula obtained in a manner analogous to above, and for the excess use an oil of the child-oil formula, made as described in the aforesaid applications for patent.

Example No. 2: To prepare a food product to two or more foodstuffs containing invisible fats by my improved method, I cite my following Example No. 2, to wit: the preparation of what is commonly known as almond pudding for adult use. A standard recipe for almond pudding for the diabetic is the following: Take (A) one-fourth pound almondfiour and (B) two eggs and (C) one-fourth pound butter and (D) three tabloids of saccharin. For the diabetic dissolve latter in a tablespoonful of brandy, (for non-diabetic substitute sugar.) I/Varm the butter, beat in the almond-flour and yoke of the eggs, adding the dissolved saccharin, whisk the whites of the eggs into a stiff froth, beat all together,

- put into molds, bake in a quick oven.

Of the foregoing foodstuffs both the almend-flour and the eggs contain invisible fats. To determine the amount of culinary oil to be added in lieu of the above butter in accordance with my process, I pursue one of the two following methods A or B, to wit: method A, wherein I determine the amount and character of the culinary oil for each separate foodstul'l'to wit, the almond-flour and the eggsand the alternative method B, whereinI determine the amount and the character of the culinary oil requisite to be added to a mixture of the several foodstuffs-to wit, almond-flour and eggs and exclusive of the butter.

Takingfirst the method A:

First. In order to bring the fat content of the one-fourth pound of. almond-flour to approximate the adult oil formula, I determine the amount of oil in al1nondmeal to be fifty per cent. This average is confirmed by Bulletin No. 28 of 1902, page 174 of United States Department of Agriculture, Office of Experiment Stations, on the Chemical 00mposition of American Food illa tertals. If now I mix Olein. Palm'il'i'n. S/ea'rin. 1 oz. oil of sweet almond .878 oz.+: .00 oz. +1

.04 oleo beef stearin .02 .02

1.04 oz. total oil, comprising .878 oz. +1 .08 .02

which approximates the proportions of the adult oil formula. Therefore calculating one-fourth pound sweet almond-flour to con tain one-eighth pound oil, or two ounces, I attain the requisite proportion by adding .08 ounces of oleo beef stearin, which constitute a culinary fat for almond-meal only.

Second. In order to bring the oil content of the food product as regards the two eggs to approximate the adult oil formula, I add thereto an oil of such composition that when added to eggs will bring the olein, palmitin, and stearin content thereof into approximately the proportions of the like ingredients of human fat considering the hydroxystearin of the egg as so much stearin. Such an oil is illustrated by the egg culinary oils described in a companion application filed simultaneously herewith, Serial No. 219,106. For the two eggs in the above example I add 1.71 ounces of the egg culinary oil No. 2-te wit, the depalmitinized olive-oil No. 3, being olive-oil from which palmitin has been removed until the ratio of olein to palmitin is about twelve to one in remainder.

Third. From the preceding two items it will be seen that I have provided about 1.79 ounces of oils. The recipe calls for four ounces. I therefore add2.21 ounces of an oil of the adult oil formula prepared, preferably, as described in my above patent applications, giving preference to Example No. 12 of Letters Patent No. 782,821 for process of preparing oils for edible and other purposes, granted to me February 21, 1905, which is prepared from oil of sweet almonds and cow butter. I omit the one-fourth pound butter called for by the recipe.

, In place of adding the said culinary oils remy above Exam le No. 1.

NIethod B: F irst. In order to determine the culinary oil formula, I prepare the almond pudding in accordance with the above recipe, omitting the fats, in this case the butter, (and in other cases such as a meat preparation, omitting visible fats which can be cut away.) I thereupon extract by wellknown methods the oil from such preliminary preparation and determine the olein, palmitin, and stearin content approximately, and there from I calculate and determine the oil formula of an oil which when added thereto shall constitute the oil of the whole preparation of the adult oil formula or child oil formula or other preferred formula. For any excess of fat called for by this or any other recipe over the amount of such oil I use one of the oil aforesaid which analogize human fat.- Thus in this method I first prepare an almond pudding according to the above recipe, omitting the butter. The same contains approximately 2.43 ounces of oil, comprising 2.1 ounces olein, .16 ounce palmitin, and .03 ounce stearin and hydroxystearin. Therefore I mix with Olein. Palmz'tin. stearin. 2.43 oz. invisible oil 2 1 oz.+: .16 oz. +2 .03 oz. 1.5 sweet-almond oil: 1.317 .09 :0

.1 oleo stearin .054 .946

3.93 total oil in products 3.417oz. .304 oz. +1 .076

Equals proportions 89.6 :8 :2

The said compound oil, composed of one and onehalf ounces sweet-almond oil and .1 ounce oleo stearin, constitutes a novel culinary oil, and whereof 1.6 ounces must be used with the above amounts of almondmeal and eggs set forth in formula to constitute the oil as desired. As the recipe calls for four ounces of butter-fat, I use in place thereof the aforesaid 1.6 ounces culinary oil and an additional 2.4 ounces of oil, preferevaporated, or other substance containing in= visible oil impracticable or difficult to re= move. v

In all cases in carrying out my improve-- ment I first determine by Well-known methods the approximate amount of fat or oil in the seed or seed flour or foodstufi proposed to be used, and I thereupon determine approximately by well-known methods the approximate amount of olein, palmitin, and stearin in the oil or fat of the particular foodstuff. I

then calculate the amount of olein or palmitin or stearin which should be added to the said food material, so that when thus added or intermixed then the olein, palmitin, and stearin of the whole shall be of the same proportion as set forth in the above adult oil formula if same be intended for consumption by adult, or in the above child oil formula if the same be intended for consumption by children, and the percentages of said amounts to be added constitute my culinary oil formulas, and accordingly I prepare a separate culinary oil for each distinct variety of foodstuff. I do not attempt to make a separate analysis each time I use the same foodstuff but I prefer to analyze a number of the same species of food stuff in any particular district of growth and obtain a fair average of the above-stated amounts of oil in the foodstuffs and percentages of amounts of olein, palmitin, and stearin in such oil. Thus I prepare one culinary oil for cooking with cornmeal, another for cooking spring-wheat flour, another for cooking winter wheat flour, another for beans, and where such coming from different sections of the country vary materially I vary my compound accordingly; but the method of preparation which I pursue is alike for all.

It is to be understood that fats are the equivalents of oils for use in my process and that where fats are mentioned oils may be used and vice versa. It is also to be understood that where vegetables are referred to in my process cereals, nuts, legumes, and fruits may be employed, they being equivalents of vegetables in the process hereinbefore described.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The process of preparing food products from foodstuffs which consists in determining the composition of the fat content thereof as regards olein, palmitin and stearin and in the addition to such foodstuffs of fat of such composition as to bring the olein, palmitin and stearin of the fat content of the resulting products into approximately the proportions in which the said proximate principlesexist in human fat.

2. The process of preparing food products which consists in incorporating with foodstuffs corn rising invisible oils an oil of predetermine composition requisite to constitute the olein, palmitin and stearin content in the resulting food product in the propor tion approximating the proportion of the like constituents in human fat.

3. The process of preparing seedfood products which consists in adding to the ground or unground ingredients of the seeds employed a fat containing olein, palmitin and stearin in such proportions as to bring these proximate principles in the entire fat content of the resultant product into approximately the proportion in which they exist in human fat. t

at. The process of preparing food products from foodstuffs which consists in determining the composition of the fat content thereof as regards olein, palmitin and stearin and in adding to the foodstuff or foodstufis employed a fat of such composition as to bring the olein, palmitin and stearin in the fat content of the food thereby produced into approximately the proportions in which they exist in human fat and finally in adding to this product a fat containing olein, palmitin and stearin in approximately the proportions in which these proximate principles exist in human fat.

5. The process of preparing food products from foodstuffs which consists in addingthereto a fat containing olein, palmitin and stearin in such amounts as to bring these proximate principles in the fat content of the food thereby produced into the proportions in which they exist in human fat and in add ing thereto materials whose fat content contains olein, palmitin and stearin in the proportions in which these proximate principles exist in human fat. 7

6. The process of preparing seed food products which consists in determining the proportion of fat contained in the ground or un ground ingredients of the seeds employed and the composition of said fat as regards olein, palmitin and stearin and in adding thereto a fat containing olein, palmitin and stearin in such amounts as to bring these proximate principles in the fat content of the resulting product into the proportions in which they exist in human fat and finally in adding to this product a fat containing olein, palmitin and stearin in the proportions in which they exist in human fat.

7. A food product containing vegetable materials which embody invisible fats, said product having a fat content in which olein, palmitin and stearin exist in approximately the same proportions as in human fat.

8. A food product containing ingredients of plant-seeds which embody invisible fats, said product having a fat content in which the olein, palmitin and stearin exist in approxi mately the same proportions asin human fat.

9. A food product containing cornmeal, the said product having a fat content comprising olein, palmitin and stearin in proportions approximating the proportions of the like constituents as found in human fat.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JACOB E. BLOOM.

\Vitnesses:

J os. L. LOWENTHALL, HARRY J. LASK. 

